Syllabus for ENGL 3543: English Literature I                                                      Fall 2010

This syllabus is subject to announced changes.  You are responsible for all such changes whether or not you are present when they are announced.                             

 

CLASS DAY, TIME, & ROOM: Tuesday 4:30-7:10, BA G-226

           

INSTRUCTOR: Dr. John Mercer, Professor of English, Department of Languages and Literature, College of Liberal Arts, Northeastern State University

Mailing address: NSU-BA, 3100 E. New Orleans St., Broken Arrow, OK 74014

Office phone: 918-449-6541                                     NSU-BA switchboard: 918-449-6000

Office: G-280             Office hours (all times are p.m. unless labeled otherwise): Mon. 11:30 a.m.-12:50, 3:50-5:10; Tues. & Wed. 3:00-4:20, 7:20-7:40; Thurs.  5:30-7:10, 10:10-10:30

Fax for faculty in Building G: 918-449-6571 (Please include a cover sheet with my name.)

Mailbox: Box 4 in G-261 (Give items to staff assistant in hallway G-267.)

E-mail: mercer@nsuok.edu or mercer25@att.net (NSU e-mail is forwarded to ATT account.)

Instructor’s Web page: arapaho.nsuok.edu/~mercer or www.nsuok.edu > Current Students > Academics > Faculty Web sites > Mercer

 

PREREQUISITES: None.

 

E-MAIL POLICY:

(1)   Please do NOT submit a completed assignment by e-mail unless I specifically ask you to do so or unless it is the only way you can submit it on time. If you must submit a completed assignment by e-mail, send it by attachment, but also submit it in hard copy (to me, my office, my mailbox, or by fax) at your first opportunity.

(2)   If you e-mail a rough draft of an essay exam for feedback, cut and paste it into a message; do NOT use an attachment.  

 

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: “Selected reading of major English writers to 1800.  A survey for the general student or the English major or minor of key works, authors, genres, literary history, and criticism.”  [At NSU-BA this course is currently offered every fall and in the summer of even-numbered years.]

 

COURSE PURPOSE: This course is required for a B.A. in English, a B.A. in English Education, and state teacher certification in English.  It also counts toward a minor in English.

 

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of this course, you should be able to

(1)   explain the overall development of the periods, writers, genres, and works of English literature from its beginnings through the eighteenth century.

(2)   apply knowledge of the history of England, the development of the English language, and literary terminology to the literary periods, authors, genres, and works studied.

(3)   make significant comparisons and contrasts among the various literary periods, genres, authors, and works studied.

(4)   analyze and interpret passages from representative works of each literary period.

(5)   demonstrate a thorough knowledge of significant authors and works from each literary period.

(6)   write clear, well-developed essays that demonstrate your knowledge of significant literary themes and/or techniques, integrating support from many different literary works.

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

(1)   Please bring the required textbook to every class meeting: Greenblatt, Stephen, et al., eds.  The Norton Anthology of English Literature.  8th ed.  Vol. 1.  New York: Norton, 2006.  ISBN-10: 0-393-92713-X (cloth); 0-393-92531-X (paper); or 0-393-92833-0 (paper, three-volume set, vols. A-C).  

(2)   Please print from the instructor’s Web page at arapaho.nsuok.edu/~mercer and bring to each class meeting the study guide and any other documents that relate to the assignment.

(3)   For the objective portion of exams throughout the semester, you will need a total of two (2) Scantron forms and a #2 pencil. 

(4)   Use a computer to produce all documents you write out of class.  

 

COMPUTER FORMAT AND MANUSCRIPT FORM:  For all documents, carefully follow the guidelines in “Computer Format and Manuscript Form” on the home page of my faculty Web site under “Documents for all classes.”

 

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:  The background material and questions on the study guides will provide the basis for in-class discussion of, lecture on, and textual analysis of the assigned literary works.  In class you will also see and/or hear and respond to video clips, works of art, maps, and other media that relate to the assigned literary works.

 

DAILY AVERAGE: Your daily average will be the percentage of quiz points and assignment points you earn out of the number possible.

 

(1)   QUIZZES: Near the beginning of each class period, after you have had an opportunity to ask questions, you will take a quiz on that day’s assigned reading.  To take quizzes, you must be present in class; you cannot make up missed quizzes for any reason.  Usually, each quiz will be worth ten (10) points.  At my discretion, if a significant number of students are absent because of bad weather, the quiz may count as extra credit.

(2)   STUDY GUIDES: Each week, except when an exam is scheduled, you are expected to earn a minimum of five (5) points by answering questions from the weekly class study guide.  (Fully answering all questions on a single study guide could be worth ten [10] or more points.)  Additional study-guide points you earn beyond those required will help compensate for any other daily points you miss during the semester. (See “STUDY GUIDES” below.)   

(3)   VIDEO RESPONSE: You will earn daily points in unit 2 for responding to a video of King Lear.

 

STUDY GUIDES:  A comprehensive study guide for each week’s assignment will be posted on the class Web page.  Please use each study guide as follows:

 

(1)   As you read each assigned work, read the corresponding part of the study guide, and look for the answers to the questions.

(2)   Before you come to class, answer as many of the questions as you can.  Copy and paste the text of the study guide into your own document; retain the numbers, letters, and questions from the study guide; and insert your answers in highlighting or color so they will stand out from the questions and explanatory material.  At the top of each study guide you submit, report the amount of time you spent answering the questions, not including time spent merely reading the assigned works.

(3)   Separately from the rest of the study guide, submit your answer to any study-guide question marked extra credit on which you spent more than ten (10) minutes. For extra credit, always identify your source(s) and add a response in your own words, including an explanation of how the extra-credit work is relevant to this class. Do not merely quote or print a source. (On my home page, under “Documents for all classes,” carefully read and follow the instructions in “Extra-Credit Submissions.”)

(4)   Bring to class a hard copy of your study guide with your answers inserted. 

(5)   In class ask about any study guide questions you can’t answer and, if you wish, make  handwritten additions to your study guide.  Unless you tell me otherwise, I will assume that all handwritten answers have been added in class.

(6)   At the end of each class period, submit your study guide.  I will assign daily points to your answers and return your study guide to you the following week.

(7)   If you are not able to attend class but have a study guide to submit, please leave it at my office the next time you are on campus.  Do NOT submit study guides by e-mail.

 

EXTRA-CREDIT DAILY POINTS: You may earn an unlimited number of extra-credit daily points for answering study-guide questions (beyond the five [5] points required per week) and up to twenty-five (25) extra-credit daily points for other activities.  Your daily average, however, cannot exceed 100%. 

 

When you submit extra-credit work, carefully follow the instructions in the document “Extra-Credit Submissions,” which appears near the top of the home page of my faculty Web site (NOT the Web page for this class), under “Documents for all classes.”  Of the many ways to earn extra credit listed in this document, the following apply to this class:   

 

·         PERFORMANCES

·         CLIPPINGS OR INTERNET MATERIAL

·         RECOMMENDATION OF WEB SITES    

·         ADDITIONAL READING    

·         ANALYSIS 

·         RESEARCH 

·         CREATIVE WRITING (such as a parody of Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”; an Italian, English, or Spenserian sonnet; or a poem in Spenserian stanza) 

 

OUTSIDE READING: For an extra grade (capable of raising your final course grade two [2] or three [3] percentage points, depending on your other grades) you are encouraged to read Gulliver’s Travels, if you have not already read it, or another approved work or group of related works that you have not previously read, such as The Pilgrim’s Progress. (See “OUTSIDE READING” on the class Web page for a list of approved works.)  Your grade will be based on a 15-minute oral exam, which you must take in my office no later than Thursday, November 18 (the week before Thanksgiving).  Your outside reading grade, unlike your daily average, may exceed 100%.  Outside reading is required for an A in the course.  The criteria for the outside reading grade will include:

(1)   the length and difficulty of the book or books (you may read more than one book and take a separate exam on each),

(2)   the date by which you complete the assignment (the earlier the completion, the higher the grade is likely to be), and,  

(3)   most importantly, the degree to which you demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the work. 

   

EXAMS: Each of the three exams will include multiple-choice questions to be answered in class and an essay to be written out of class.  You must be present for the three exams, the dates of which appear below under ASSIGNMENTS.

 


LATE ASSIGNMENTS AND MAKE-UP EXAMS: If you have a legitimate reason for not taking an objective exam or submitting an out-of-class writing assignment on time, to avoid penalty you must in advance arrange for a later due date or, in case of emergency, leave a message on my voice mail by the beginning of class time on the day the exam is scheduled or the assignment is due. Otherwise, missed objective exams cannot be made up, and late writing assignments will be penalized. Writing assignments are due at the beginning of the class period.  If an assignment is submitted by the end of the period, the grade will be lowered one-half of a letter grade (5%). If an assignment is submitted by 10:30 p.m. on the Thursday after it is due, the grade will be lowered one letter grade (10%).  If an assignment is submitted by the beginning of the next class meeting (one week late), the grade will be lowered two letter grades (20%). If an assignment is submitted two weeks late, the grade will be lowered 40%.  Assignments will not be accepted more than two weeks late.  (This policy applies to all assignments except for study guides, which I will accept at any time up to December 2, the last day I will be on campus before final-exam week.)

 

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROJECT: If you are an English Education major, it is important that you save electronically all the documents you produce in required English Education classes and internships.  You will need these documents later to complete the required English Education Project.  For information on what to do with these documents, see “English Education” on the Web page for the Department of Languages and Literature on the NSU Web site.  If you have questions about the English Education Project or other English Education requirements, contact Ms. Connie Henshaw, NSU’s English Education Coordinator (henshacc@nsuok.edu or 918-444-4502).

 

CHILDREN ON CAMPUS:  According to NSU-BA policy, children under age sixteen (16) cannot be left unattended anywhere on the campus, including the library, café, and student lounges.  If in an emergency you feel that you need to bring a child to class with you, please ask my permission.  The appropriateness of a child’s coming to class depends on the child’s age and behavior and on the content to be covered in class.

 

ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT: In this class academic misconduct includes but is not limited to cheating on quizzes or exams, submitting work that is not your own or that is the same in content and organization as another student’s, copying the exact words of a source without using quotation marks, copying a source’s sentence structure, using a source’s ideas without documentation, or assisting others in these actions.  Please carefully read the consequences of academic misconduct at http://offices.nsuok.edu/academicaffairs/SyllabiInformation.aspx.

 

ATTENDANCE: Enrollment in this course obligates you to attend class regularly.  Absence from any class period is serious because it causes you to miss an entire week of class work.  Absence from more than two (2) class periods is considered excessive, indicating that you are not likely to do well in the class.  If you enroll late, you will be counted absent for each class period you have missed from the beginning of the semester.

 

Attendance will be taken from quiz papers only.  To be marked present, you must submit a quiz paper with your name, the course number, and the date.  If you arrive after the quiz or do not attempt to answer any of the questions, submit a paper with these three items so that you will be counted present.  If you must leave class immediately after the quiz or before the break, write “ABSENT” in LARGE LETTERS beside your name on the quiz paper (but you will receive any quiz points you earn).  If you must leave class before the end of the period, please tell me in advance.

 

CLASS CANCELLATION: If all NSU-BA classes are canceled because of bad weather or any other reason, cancellation will be announced on Tulsa area radio and television stations.  If all classes are not canceled, it is my responsibility and intention to hold class. You, however, must make your own decision about whether it is safe for you to drive to class.  In the unlikely event that my class is canceled when other NSU-BA classes are meeting, you should be notified through the class calling tree.

 

DISABILITIES: If you have a disability and need special accommodations in this class, please tell me no later than the end of the first class meeting you attend.  To receive accommodations, you must also document your disability with NSU-BA’s Office of Student Affairs.

 

ADDITIONAL SYLLABUS INFORMATION ON NSU WEB SITE:  Additional syllabus information on the Academic Affairs page of the NSU Web site is to be considered part of this syllabus.  Please read carefully the information that appears on the following topics at http://offices.nsuok.edu/academicaffairs/SyllabiInformation.aspx:

·         ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT [including plagiarism]

·         ADA COMPLIANCE [for students with disabilities]

·         INCLEMENT WEATHER/DISASTER POLICY [class cancellation]

·         TEACH ACT [copyright protection of instructional materials]

·         ACCESSIBILITY [of textbooks]

·         RELEASE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION [privacy rights]

 

WITHDRAWAL FROM CLASS:

·       If you drop a class by August 27, you will receive a 100% refund of tuition.  If you drop a class after August 27, you will receive no refund.

·       If you have never attended the class by the end of the third week of classes, you will be withdrawn from the course for non-attendance and will receive the grade of NA (never attended), which does not affect your grade-point average.

·       During the sixth through the tenth weeks of the class, if it would be impossible for you to make a satisfactory grade because you are not attending class, submitting assignments, taking exams, and/or otherwise making a reasonable attempt to be successful in the course, I will have you administratively withdrawn from the course.  If you are administratively withdrawn, you will receive a grade of AW (administrative withdrawal), which does not affect your grade-point average.   

·       If you drop a class by November 4, you will automatically receive a W, which does not affect your grade-point average.  To drop a class, you must process an official drop slip.  Be sure to keep a copy of your drop slip to prove that you have officially dropped.

·       If you drop a class after November 4, you will receive a W if you are passing or an F if you are failing at the time you drop.

·       The last day to drop a class is December 3.

 

CLASSROOM COURTESY: Out of courtesy to me and to your classmates, please do NOT

(1)   talk to another student when the instructor or another student is addressing the class.

(2)   eat in class (unless you bring food to share with the entire class).  Drinks with lids or screw-on caps, however, are permitted.

(3)   bring children or other visitors to class without my prior permission.

(4)   repeatedly get up from your seat during class (unless you are ill).

(5)   allow your cell phone to disrupt class.  Please turn off cell phones in class.

(6)   use a notebook computer in class for any purpose other than to take notes or to look up information on the Internet to share with the class.

(7)   read or send text messages in class.

(8)   leave class early or during the break without telling me in advance.

 

STUDENT EVALUATION (COURSE GRADE):  Subject to announced changes, your course grade will be figured in one of two ways, depending on whether you choose to do outside reading:

 

                                                                        with no outside reading          with outside reading

Daily average (including quiz &

      assignment points & extra credit)             20%                                                           18%                                              

Unit 1 exam                                                     20%                                                           18%

Unit 2 exam                                                     25%                                                           22.5%

Final exam (unit 3 & comprehensive)             35%                                                           31.5%

Outside reading                                                 0%                                                           10%          

                                                                        100%                                                         100%  

 

Grade scale:

A = 90-100% and successful completion of outside reading                            

B = 80-89%          

C = 70-79%          

D = 60-69%         

F = 0-59%   

 

ASSIGNMENTS:  Assignments are subject to announced changes. You are responsible for all such changes whether or not you are present when they are announced.  If a class meeting is canceled and you receive no instructions to the contrary, continue to follow these assignment dates.  Readings labeled “extra credit” will not be included on the quiz.  To receive extra-credit points for a reading, write a response as described in the document “Extra-Credit Submissions” on my home page.

 

Unit 1: The Middle Ages

(including the Old English Period and the Middle English Period)

 

Aug. 17

Introduction to course and to Old English literature                               

 

Aug. 24

“The Middle Ages,” 1-7(m)                                                                                                                           

“Medieval English,” 15 (read first paragraph only)               

“Old . . . English Prosody,” 19(m)–20(t)

 

Bede’s An Ecclesiastical History of the English People and “Cćdmon’s Hymn,” 24-27(t)

“The Dream of the Rood,” 27-29

Beowulf, 29(b)–80(m) [Don’t be concerned if you have difficulty following the Finnsburg Episode, 55(b)-59(m).]

“The Wanderer,” 111(m)-13

“The Wife’s Lament,” 113(b)-14

 

Extra credit: Read and respond to the rest of Beowulf, 80(m)-100. 

 

Aug. 31

“Medieval English,” 15 (read second paragraph only)

“The Sounds of Middle English: General Rules,” 15(b)-16

                       

“Geoffrey Chaucer,” The Canterbury Tales, “General Prologue,” 213(b)-38

“The Miller's Prologue and Tale,” 239-55(t)

“The Nun’s Priest’s Tale,” 298(b)-312

“Close of Canterbury Tales,” 312(b)-13(m)

“Chaucer's Retraction,” 315

[Neville Coghill’s easy-to-read Modern English translation of Chaucer’s Middle English is available (in hard copy and on CD) for copying or printing in the NSU-BA library.  Parts of Coghill’s translation and other Modern English translations are available online at http://www.librarius.com/cantales.htm and probably elsewhere.]

 

Sept. 7

“Legendary Histories of Britain,” 117(b)-18(t)

“Geoffrey of Monmouth,” 118

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 160-213(b)                                        

“The Fifteenth Century,” 13(m)-14

“Sir Thomas Malory,” 438-39(m)

Morte Darthur, 439(m)-56

 

Sept. 14

First half of period

“Middle English Lyrics,” 435-36(t)

“The Cuckoo Song,” 436

“Alison,” 436(m)-37(m)

“My Lief Is Faren in Londe,” 437(m)

“Western Wind,” 437(b)

“Adam Lay Bound,” 370(m)

 

“Mystery plays,” 406-07

Everyman, 463-84

 

Second half of period

First unit exam

Submit essay exam written out of class

Take objective exam in class  

 

Unit 2: The Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries

 

Sept. 21

“Edmund Spenser,” 705(b)-07

The Faerie Queene, 714-16(t), 857-67(m)

Amoretti and Epithalamion,” 902(m)-03(m)

Amoretti, 903 ff.: Sonnets 1, 64, 68, 75, 79

Epithalamion, 907(m)-16

 

“Sir Philip Sidney,” 947-48(m)

Astrophil and Stella, 975 and, on following pages, Sonnets 1, 15, 71

“The Defense of Poesy,” 953(b)-54(m) [textbook’s introduction only]

 

Sept. 28

“Christopher Marlowe,” 1002(b)-04(t)

“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,” 1022

“Sir Walter Ralegh,” “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,” 917-18(m)

John Donne’s “The Bait,” 1274

 

“The Elizabethan Theater,” 506(t)-11(t), A95 (appendix in back of textbook)

Doctor Faustus, 1022(b)-57

 

“William Shakespeare,” 1058-60(b)

Sonnets,” 1060(b)-61, and Sonnets 12, 18, 30, 73, 116, 130, 144               

King Lear,” 1139(m)-42 [textbook’s introduction to the play only]

 

Watch a production of King Lear on video or DVD and, no later than Oct. 19 submit a written response that demonstrates your understanding of the plot and characters of the play       and that includes specific details from the production you saw.  Do NOT merely summarize the plot.  Several video and DVD versions of this play are on reserve for checkout from the NSU-BA library. 20 daily points possible.  For maximum understanding of the play and up to 10 or more extra-credit points, also read the play and take an oral exam on it in my office.    

 

Oct. 5

“Ben Jonson,” 1324(m)-26(t)                                                                                                 

Volpone, 1334(m)-1427(m)

 

Oct. 12

“John Donne,” 1260-62

“Izaak Walton,” The Life of Dr. John Donne, 1309-13(m)

“The Flea,” 1263; “Song,” 1264(m)-65(t); “The Sun Rising,” 1266; “The Indifferent,” 1267; “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,” 1275-76(m); “The Relic,” 1280-81(t);

Holy Sonnets, 1295 ff.: footnote 1, 1295(b), Sonnets 10 & 14; “Hymn to God My God, in My Sickness,” 1301(b)-02(m); “A Hymn to God the Father,” 1302              

Devotions upon Emergent Occasions: footnote on Donne’s Devotions, 1303(b); “Meditation 17,” 1305-06(t)

                       

“Francis Bacon,” 1550(b)-51

“Of Studies [1597 and 1625 versions],” 1561(b)-63(m)

 

Oct. 19

Last day to submit written response to video or DVD production of King Lear (and, for extra credit, to read play and take an oral exam on the play)

 

“George Herbert,” 1605(m)-06            

“The Altar,” 1607; “Redemption,” 1607; “Easter Wings,” 1609; “Prayer (1),” 1611; “Jordan (1),” 1611(b)-12(t); “The Pilgrimage,” 1618; “The Pulley,” 1620; “Love (3),” 1624(b)-25(t)

                       

“Andrew Marvell,” 1695(b)-97(t)

“To His Coy Mistress,” 1703-04(t)

 

“Robert Herrick,” 1653(m)-54(m)

“The Argument of His Book,” 1654(m)-55(t); “Upon the Loss of His Mistresses,” 1655; “Corrina’s Going A-Maying,” 1658-59; “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time,” 1659(b)-60(t); “Upon Julia’s Clothes,” 1664(b)      

 

“Sir John Suckling,” 1676

“Song,” 1676; “Out upon It!” 1681

 

“Sir Richard Lovelace,” 1681(m)-82(t)

“To Lucasta, Going to the Wars,” 1682; “To Althea, from Prison,” 1683(b)-84(m)

 

“Katherine Philips,” 1690                              

“A Married State,” 1691

“To Mrs. M. A. at Parting” and “On the Death of My First and Dearest Child, Hector Philips,” 1693(m)-95

 

“John Milton,” 1785(b)-89                             

Sonnets, 1825(b)-26(t); “How Soon Hath Time,” 1826; “When I Consider How My Light Is Spent,” 1828; “On the Late Massacre in Piedmont,” 1828(b)-29(m) [Be sure to read the footnotes accompanying the sonnets.]

 

Oct. 26

First half of period

Paradise Lost, 1830-33 (through line 26); “Book 9,” 1973(b)-98(m)                        

 

Second half of period

Second unit exam

Submit essay written out of class

Take objective exam in class

 

Unit 3: The Restoration and Eighteenth Century

 

Nov. 2

“The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century, 1660-1785,” 2057-58(t)                                          

“Restoration Literature, 1660-1700,” 2074(m)-75(m)

 

“John Dryden,” 2083-84

“Mac Flecknoe,” 2111-17(t)

“A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day,” 2118-19

“Criticism,” 2125(t-m)

 

“Samuel Pepys,” The Diary, 2133(m)-42(t)

 

“John Bunyan,” 2142(m)-43(t)

The Pilgrim’s Progress, 2143(m)-51(m)

 

Extra credit:    “Religions in England,” Appendix A90-A94; “Religion and Politics,” 2058-61(m)

 

Nov. 9

“Eighteenth-Century Literature, 1700-45,” 2075(m)-77(t)                                                               

 

“Mary Astell,” Some Reflections upon Marriage, 2284(b)-88(m)

“Daniel Defoe,” Roxana, 2288(m)-94

 

“Jonathan Swift,” 2301-03(t)

Gulliver’s Travels, 2323(m)-24; Part 4, Chapters 1-7, 2418-43(m)

“A Modest Proposal,” 2462(m)-68(m)

 

Nov. 16

Last day to take oral exam on outside reading is Thurs., Nov. 18

“Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele,” 2468(m)-70(t)                                                    

“The Periodical Essay: Manners, Society, Gender,” The Spectator, 2470(m)-81(t)              

 

“Alexander Pope,” 2493-96

An Essay on Criticism, 2496(b)-97(m); Part 2, 2501-09(t)

The Rape of the Lock, 2513(m)-32(t)

 

“Popular Ballads,” 2898-99(m)

“Lord Randall,” 2899

“Bonny Barbara Allan,” 2899(b)-2900

“The Wife of Usher’s Well,” 2900(b)-02(t)

“The Three Ravens,” 2902

“Sir Patrick Spens,” 2902(b)-03

 

Nov. 23: Tuesday evening classes will not meet during Thanksgiving week.

 

Nov. 30

“Samuel Johnson,” 2664-66(m)

“James Boswell,” 2778-79(m)

The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., 2781-82(m), 2790(b)-97(b), 2807(b)-10(t)

A Dictionary of the English Language, 2749(m)-55

The Preface to Shakespeare, 2755(b)-56(t) [This is only the textbook’s introduction to the work.]            

“Thomas Gray,” 2862(b)-63(m)

“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” 2867-70(t)

 

“Oliver Goldsmith,” The Deserted Village, 2877-86(t)                                 

 

Dec. 7

Final exam (unit 3 and comprehensive)

Submit essay exam written out of class.

Take objective final exam in class (comprehensive, with emphasis on unit 3 and comparisons and contrasts of works from unit 3 with those from previous units).