Running head: ARE WE UNITED?

 

 

 

 

 

 

“It’s not how much we give but how much love we put into giving”:  A Consultation Report for the Lake Area United Way

 

 

 

 

 

Jason R. Daniel

Northeastern State University

918-781-2967

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abstract

 

This is a consultation report for the Lake Area United Way., Inc. located in Muskogee, OK.  The Lake Area United Way (LAUW) is a very well oiled and agency friendly organization.  It has a great board that allows the organization to run smoothly as managed by the internal staff.  This report shows strengths and weaknesses of the organization in five areas; the board, personnel policy, marketing, fundraising, and strategic planning.  Overall good, the organization struggles from general lack of planning and also from lack of board responsibility during the annual fundraising campaign.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“It’s not how much we give but how much love we put into giving”:  A Consultation Report for the Lake Area United Way

 

 

Introduction

            The LAUW is located in downtown Muskogee, OK.  The office is ran by the Director, Debi Busch and the Administrative Assistant, Christy Edwards.  The LAUW is directed by a fifteen person board of directors that has full power to control the organization.  The organization is a 501 (c) 3 organization as governed by the IRS statutes for nonprofits. 

            This consultation report will look at five key areas of the organization to determine strengths and weaknesses.  The five key areas are the board, personnel policies and management, marketing, fundraising and strategic planning.  Through observation, interviews and research I was able to put together a grouping of information under these five key areas.  This information should help the organization in its continuous developing process to become a better organization that serves its customers.

            The first area of focus is the board of directors.  The governing body of the organization should be the first place to look to see how the organization is ran.  I will use information from board meetings and interviews to put together a summary of the information.  Second, I will look deeper into the organization at its personnel policies and management issues.  The third section will be the marketing of the organization and how well the LAUW markets itself?  The fourth section of the consultation is fundraising.  And last I will discuss the LAUW’s strategic plan or lack thereof.  Utilizing interview material, I was able to obtain information from the organizational staff and put it together drafting a preliminary strategic plan.

 

 

The Lake Area United Way

The Board

            First we will discuss the board.  The board is the policy making, planning, and fiscal control group that directs the organization’s processes.  Their first responsibility is the policy making for the LAUW.  An example is the Articles of Incorporation that was signed by Oklahoma Secretary of the State on January 9, 2001 as a not for profit organization. This enables the organization to operate legally.

Another duty of the board’s policymaking is to set the bylaws for the organization.  The LAUW’s bylaws are in place; they were revised in March of 2007 and approved by the board of directors (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007).   After reviewing, I found that it did not include Tahlequah as an area that the funding benefited.  This was found in the section titled ‘purpose’ of the organization and should be changed by the board.  The current bylaws also do not reflect the terms for removing a board member.  I believe that adding this is important in case one needs to be removed. 

Currently, there is not a responsibilities section in the bylaws.  There should be a section on responsibilities that describes meeting attendance, personal contribution levels, and participation in events.  Under the committee’s section, the bylaws do not have the personnel committee.  This section needs to be updated to include the personnel committee because it is a vital role of the board.  A clarification in Article XIV titled “Amendments” needs occur where it states, “the delegation of board power may be revoked by a two-thirds vote of the members” (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007).  There needs to be clarification to which members the document is referencing are.

Planning is another integral part of the LAUW board.  According to Debi Busch, LAUW Director, there are some issues that need to be addressed in the short, medium and long term range (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  For the short term, there are expired terms of board members that need to be addressed, the nominating committee must be put together to present potential members to the board by the December 2007 board meeting.  Fifty percent of the board will be new board members in 2008, Busch would like to see board training or orientation for these new members.  This has happened in past as new board members came on and the board should have an idea of “what I’m getting into” and “what does this require” and “how often do we meet”.  Christy Edwards, LAUW assistant believes that the, “complacency of agencies requires more measurement of services prior to receiving money” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  She believes this should also be addressed by the board’s short term planning.

For the medium range planning, Busch expressed an interest in board planning retreats.  Robert Swanson states, “it is incumbent upon a non-profit to provide orientation, education and training to board members.  Skills obtained in their profession do not always transfer into the world of non-profits”  (pg. 33).  I believe this holds true, Busch would like to incorporate the United Way national views and set a standard of excellence that should be expected during the training.  Busch also wants to help the board with communication between other board members.  Busch said, “The board shouldn’t rely on other board members to tell us what is good for the organization, they should be knowledgeable enough to understand it themselves.”

During the discussion, Busch also mentioned what activities she would like to see in the community.  Busch would like to do a “day of caring”, which is an annual event designed to promote giving and also find grant opportunities with educational departments or organizations like Muskogee Community Care.  As far as the long term planning, new employees to recruit agencies and volunteers would be very beneficial according to Busch.  My input would be to increase the overall funding for longevity of organization through the annual campaign and also starting a calendar of events for better planning.

The third aspect of the board is fiscal responsibilities or general oversight.  The board is in charge of developing budgets, which must be approved annually in December. The board is also responsible for monitoring and approving monthly budgets.  In doing so, the board approves the monthly statements to ensure that revenue and expenses are on target.  They are closely monitored by the treasurer and given to the board president by the treasurer for review.  

Other fiscal controls include check signing, which according to the Bylaws Article VI, “the funds of the corporation shall be disbursed by checks which shall be signed by the treasurer and in the treasurer’s absence by the president or other officer of the board as authorized to sign checks.  All checks must be countersigned by the executive director or staff member delegated by the executive director as approved by the board of directors”  (pg. 6).  According to Busch, she approves invoices and signs the checks (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  Expense checks are signed off by a board member but not currently a requirement by board.  This has been done by Busch.  The treasurer approves monthly mileage and cell phone reimbursement checks. These checks only contain Busch’s signature because they are pre-approved by board. Other checks such as agency checks are signed by Busch with the additional signature of an officer (Pres., V.P, Secretary, Treasurer, Past President) and are limited to signatures on a signature card for agency checks. 

To protect the organization, the treasurer is bonded because he is a CPA through his own activity, but Busch doesn’t know if he’s bonded by LAUW.  Busch also doesn’t know if the administrative assistant is bonded or not or should be.  The position requires that person filling should be bondable.  A check into proper protocol is needed. 

Other monetary issues include a small petty cash account, which is reconciled like a monthly checking account.  Also, the organization does allow first person checks that are not counter-signed, but only for things that are pre-approved.  Examples of pre-approved first person checks include; salaries and expense checks with set amounts, such as cell phone and insurance reimbursement.  Busch has sought a second signature on travel reimbursement because it is not a set amount each month.  There is an expense report that must be filled out and attached so the check isn’t countersigned, but is approved by the board. 

The auditing system “has not changed from year to year,” said Busch (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  It has been the same person for many years and has been included as part of the auditor’s in-kind contribution to the LAUW.  Busch said that no change has been made because he is familiar with how LAUW operates and has made the audits convenient for staff and board to analyze.  I would suggest that a system for auditing be put into place to safeguard the organization and also to ensure accuracy on the accounts behalf.

The board has never been set the amount expected for each board member to give annually.  Busch feels like the board should take fiscal responsibility.  “They should be expected to support not only in volunteerism but in a financial sort,” Busch stated, “I’m a firm believer in that” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  Despite no rules on giving, currently there is 100 percent giving by board.

Recently, the board was responsible for hiring a new executive director.  Westphal and Zajac did a study on demographic similarity and new director selection and found that, “Psychological and sociopolitical factors lead CEOs and boards to favor new directors who are demographically similar to them and that the relative influence of CEO’s and boards predicts which party is more likely to realize his or her preferences in the new-director selection process” (pg. 77).  I personally believe that the group took it upon themselves to hire the person they wanted.  Regardless of other potential candidates, the decision to hire the new director was in place before the process began.  With that being said, Busch is the correct person for the position, but protocol was not followed.

During the hiring process, expectations for director’s position were given to the board.  The expectations of the director are outlined in the bylaws, “The executive director, with the advice and counsel of the president, the executive committee and the board, shall be in charge of the operation of the LAUW and shall employ all employees, subject to the approval of the executive committee or the board, and shall be responsible for and shall have the power to carry out details of the operations of the LAUW along the lines and policies and according to the regulations specified or indicated by the board or the executive committee” (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007). 

The board is also responsible for performance evaluations for all employees.  A new performance evaluation process was implemented by the board on 9/18/07, after hiring the new director in August of 2007.  The evaluation process includes input from various customers including the board, peers, direct reports, and agency members in the way of a performance feedback form.  The director completes a Task, Responsibility and Expectation (TRE) form that is updated each year.  These forms are evaluated by the personnel committee after they are completed and are used to draw a conclusion on the yearly performance compensation and recommendation (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007). 

Personnel policies are another responsibility of the board.  A Summary Plan Description (SPD) has been implemented to show the various reimbursement levels for health care, cell phone and automobile and was approved by the board of directors on 9/18/07. The employee manual was also changed by the board on 9/18/07 to reflect all changes recommended by the personnel committee.  The handbook is discussed in great detail as well in the personnel policy section of this report.

When it comes to communication by the board, Busch says the LAUW must be visible, “Some organizations do a marketing campaign, when you’re a non-profit it’s not an option” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  She works through speaking engagements, civic activities and is part of other organizations.  This helps to form relationships within the community and form individual relationships with people and organizations.  The board should follow suit and help give presentations to community groups as well.

Board responsibility encompasses the membership, terms of office and committees.  Robert Swanson states in his article on why a board becomes disgruntled is that, “members will grow weary of their role unless they have received an accurate job description” (pg. 32).  The control of the LAUW is vested in the board.  The board is composed of an odd number of members, the total number to be not less than eleven (11) or more than twenty-one (21). The number of directors is subject to change by the board, within the limits fixed by law and the articles of incorporation.  Detailed job descriptions are given to the board during the required board orientation each January.

The board composition is made up of mostly accounting (banking) and human resources representatives.  The board is older with mostly 50 year olds and some 40 year olds, only two are younger than 30.  In his article on board greatness, Sonnenfeld states, “my research on executives over the past two decades has shown that, to the contrary, age is often an asset..” (pg. 108).  As well as the old, Taylor points out that youth is extremely important as well when she states, “there are some compelling reasons to include young members on non-profit boards, including: new views and experiences, succession planning and special technical knowledge.  It has been said that organizational decisions that are based on broad experiences and perspectives will be better decisions” (pg.  4). There are seven men and six women who are all Caucasian and from the Muskogee and Tahlequah areas.  The income levels range from $40,000 to 100,000 made up of mostly management, CPA’s and banking officials.  Board diversification should be looked at to represent the county demographics of the areas served.

The board elects officers, run the meetings of the board and establishes committees for items such as nominating new members, allocation, which sets the amount to give to agencies under the LAUW umbrella and publicity to name a few.  The publicity committee needs to be active, which currently it is not.   I think the board would be served well with internal and external feedback on the board itself.  In a discussion on board evaluations, Sonnenfeld states “Lack of feedback is self-destructive…people and organizations cannot learn without feedback” (pg. 113).   

As far as meetings, there is an annual membership meeting to approve the budget and vote on incoming board members and additional meetings as needed.  There is not a policy on meeting attendance for the LAUW board. Robert Swanson states, “Percentage policies can actually serve to alienate board members” (pg. 33).  I believe that meeting attendance should be a policy.

 

Personnel Policy and Management

            At the top of the LAUW organization chart is the contributing members and participating agencies and can be seen in Appendix B.  The board is second in the organizational chart with a subgroup for the executive committee.    Under the executive committee resides each board committee and 2nd to last is the director and last is the administrative assistant.  The authority of the LAUW is governed by the board on behalf of the agencies and members.

The LAUW office is currently comprised of two staff members, the director and the administrative assistant.  The job descriptions for the director and the administrative assistant can be located in the bylaws.  The director is responsible for leading the LAUW office in all endeavors ensuring the vision and mission of the organization are met through marketing and the annual campaign.  The administrative assistant is responsible for assisting the director in all endeavors and is also responsible for the fiscal aspect of the organization.  The director reports to the president of the board of directors.  The administrative assistant reports to the director. 

The compensation levels are defined by the personnel policies of the organization.  The compensation for both the director’s position and the administrative assistant’s position were changed during the hiring of the new director in the summer of ‘07.  The 2007 budget allowed for $43,000 for the director’s position and $26,000 for the administrative assistant’s position.  During the hiring of the director’s position, a personnel committee was assigned to review the salary for the assistant’s position and set the salary range for the director’s position.  The personnel committee changed the director’s salary from the previous $43,000 to $52,000 an increase of $9,000 per year.  The assistant’s position was granted an increase of $6,000 up to $32,000.  With an increase of such proportion, a direct increase in revenue or improvement in the organization should be realized within three years.

We must ask ourselves how much is necessary for non-personnel related costs?  According to financial reports, rent and insurance has an $3,500 annual budget, through August ’07 $1,656 was spent on rent and $471 on insurance.  This is $677 under budget year to date (YTD).  The phone budget is $2,900 annually and to date is at $2038, which is over budget $104.  These are a few examples of the total non-personnel costs.  In all, the total budget is $31 under budget.  The only shortcoming is in the office supply category, which is $806 over budget.

The next question is, ‘is there enough left over for the organization to carry out its programs and activities or is the ratio of administrative costs to total budget too high?’  Currently the ratio is too high.  The budget is over by $6500 year to date due mostly to salary increases.  The 2007 budget was not prepared prior to the salary changes.  The payroll equated to 13% of the total pledges raised in the 2006 campaign and was 67.3% of the operating budget.  In 2008, the salaries will total $92,050 after taxes.  The percent of total pledges will be around 15% if the campaign does not increase funding.  It drops 1% per 50k.  A problem will arise if there is a lack of funding because the payroll will total 70% of the operating budget for 2008. 

The personnel policy is responsible for setting policies and procedures on items such as; employment and pay procedures, staff evaluation process, conflict of interest policies, termination and grievance procedures, sexual harassment policies and general office practices and procedures.    Employees are hired and there is a formal process with public notice required.  When employees for the Lake Area United Way are hired, there is a public advertisement placed in the Muskogee Phoenix newspaper seeking applicants.  A posting date is given for the job and a deadline for resumes.  The name of the organization is not given in the advertisement, it states that it is a non-profit organization and that resumes need to be sent to a P.O. Box.  Current employees who are interested are considered first by the board if they meet the appropriate job description and education requirements. 

There is not an affirmative action process in place, there is an arbitration agreement that must be signed prior to working that states, “any controversy, dispute, or question arising out of or in connection with compensation, employment, or cessation of employment by the employer shall be submitted solely to and resolved in an arbitration proceeding before the American Arbitration Association” (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007).

Is hiring done solely on the basis of competence and qualifications?  According to the United Way ‘book’, yes, from what actually happens, no.  Once qualifications have been met by a person who is known by the board’s directors search committee then nepotism does occur and a person who is liked can be hired.  Now regardless of how good this person may be for the organization there is a limitation put upon the organization by not searching other avenues for potential employees.  Future hiring should be done correctly and without favoritism.

I believe every prospective employee allowed to see a job description.  I would imagine that once an individual was brought in to interview the job description list would be a topic of conversation.  If it isn’t, it should be.  It should be part of a new hire process that should be a written process.

On the topic of pay, employees are paid via check twice monthly on the 15th and last day of the month unless that day is a regular day off, such as a weekend or holiday.  A system has been put into place starting in 2008 to review annually the cost of living increase and merit pay based on performance.  Using data from the US Department of Labor, Muskogee Market data from Workforce Oklahoma and Lake Area United Way data was used to determine the pay for the administrative assistant position.  The director’s position figured data from the Workforce data, United Way survey, US Department of Labor statistics and Oklahoma statistics.   To obtain the appropriate data, each position was given a combination of duties that figured into an overall position this equated into percentages of time spent doing the different job functions.  A figure from this data is given and adjustments are made after board approval.  Currently there is not an opportunity for overtime pay, both current staff members are salaried employees.

The big issue for most employees is the staff evaluation process.  This topic was discussed briefly in the board section but more detail is provided here.  At the LAUW, supervisors and employees are strongly encouraged to discuss job performance and goals on an informal, day-to-day basis. A formal written performance evaluation will be conducted at the end of the employee's 90 day initial period of hire, otherwise known as the introductory or probationary period.  Additional formal performance evaluations are conducted to provide both supervisors and employees the opportunity to discuss job tasks, encourage and recognize strengths, identify areas for improvement and personal development, and discuss positive, purposeful approaches for meeting goals.

Performance evaluations are scheduled each June, with merit-based pay adjustments.  These are awarded by the LAUW in an effort to recognize employee performance. The decision to award such an adjustment is dependent upon numerous factors, including the information documented by the formal performance evaluation process. 

There is an annual review to be conducted each June.  The goals of each position will use the TRE to set responsibilities for each calendar year and those must be approved by July 1 of that year.  June of the year following a performance evaluation period will be conducted and any compensation increases will go into effect by August 1 of that same calendar year.  Under this new philosophy, the director will set the goals and objectives of the administrative assistant and is also responsible for conducting the annual performance review.  The president of the LAUW board is responsible for setting goals with the Director and also conducting the review process for the Director. (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007).

To protect the interests of the organization, the LAUW has conflict of interest policy and expects the primary interest of staff members to be the customers served by the organization.  A conflict of interest occurs when the interests of a staff member or another outside party actually or potentially affect the LAUW in a negative manner.  Employees may have outside business interests and outside employment so long as these do not interfere with job performance.  Employees are not to accept gifts, gratuities, free trips, personal property or other items from an outside person or organization as an inducement to provide services. The LAUW recognizes its employees may hold a wide range of personal beliefs, values and commitments.  These present a conflict of interest only when they prevent employees from fulfilling job responsibilities, use LAUW time and facilities to further these beliefs, values and commitments.  Employees are urged to resolve any potential areas through a memorandum of understanding with the board.

When discussing the sexual harassment policy in place, the LAUW prohibits any form of, “Unlawful verbal, physical, visual, or sexual harassment based on race, creed, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, disability, marital status, status as a Vietnam-era or special disabled veteran, or any other basis prohibited by applicable local, state, or federal law” (Lake Area United Way [LAUW], 2007).  Improper interference with the ability of LAUW employees to perform their expected job duties is not tolerated.  The LAUW prohibits unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and all other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual or otherwise offensive nature.  This includes submission or such conduct that has the purpose of creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. The sexual harassment policy also protects employees from offensive comment, jokes, innuendoes, and other sexually oriented statements.

The Complaint procedure for the LAUW harassment policy asks that each employee is responsible for creating an atmosphere free of discrimination and harassment, sexual or otherwise, and for respecting the rights of co-workers.  Any job-related harassment, or mistreatment in an unlawful, discriminatory manner will be investigated and action taken.  All complaints are kept confidential to the maximum extent possible.  If it is determined that a LAUW employee is harassing another employee, appropriate disciplinary action will be taken against the offending employee, up to and including termination of employment.  The LAUW prohibits any form of retaliation against an employee for filing a complaint or for assisting in a complaint investigation.  Rules for false claims are also covered and can result in termination.

General office practices and procedures include specific rules on how the staff is to purchase materials.  There is a joint discussion between the director and administrative assistant with direction from director when a purchase is initiated.  Some instances purchases are made with cash and reimbursed to the administrative assistant.  There is not a purchase order system in place, but there is approval of board needed for major purchases.  The director has a credit card for purchases where an account is not set up.  A P.O. system should be created and a credit card log should be submitted each month for tracking purposes.

Travel is covered in the general office guidelines as well.  The LAUW will reimburse employees for reasonable business travel expenses incurred while on assignments away from the normal work location. All business travel must be approved in advance by the board president for the director and by the director for the administrative assistant.  When approved, the actual costs of travel, meals, lodging, and other expenses directly related to accomplishing business travel objectives are reimbursed. Employees are expected to limit expenses to reasonable amounts.  Mileage reimbursement is calculated at the IRS Standard rate, which is currently at 48.5 cents per mile.

      Personal use of the telephone is permitted, but personal telephone calls are to be kept to a minimum.  Personal long distance phone calls may not be charged to the LAUW phones.  There is also a policy for use and care of office equipment, by which the computers, electronic media and services provided by LAUW are primarily for business use to assist employees in the performance of their jobs. Limited, occasional, or incidental use of electronic media (sending or receiving) for personal, non-business purposes is understandable and acceptable, and all such use is done in a manner that does not negatively affect the systems' use for business purposes.

      The last subject I will discuss under the general office guidelines is the working hours and conditions.  Office hours are from 9 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday.  Supervisors advise employees of the times their schedules will normally begin and end. Staffing needs and operational demands necessitate variations in starting and ending times, as well as variations in the total hours that may be scheduled each day and week.  Employees are not able to come to work, or arrive late to work, they are expected to personally notify their immediate supervisor before the scheduled time to begin work.  I believe the office hours and conditions are satisfactory, but could be improved to maximize gains.  This could be accomplished by changing the organization to a more accessible and noticeable location.

Marketing

            Marketing is a function of the LAUW that is important to the survival of the organization.  In a conversation with the director and administrative assistant, I learned that much of what is done in the way of marketing is completed without any planning.  The LAUW has been given the label of a handout organization according to my discussion with Busch and Edwards.  Director, Busch stated, “I have a different approach, I am trying to help the community understand the connection and relevance of community development as agencies that reflect aspects of community development” (personal communication, October 17, 2007). 

In my discussion with Busch I learned that the community development approach is a big theme from National United Way.  Busch stated, “In the past it has been the approach of handout, hand up” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  Busch believes that the LAUW is seen as an organization to help those who can’t help themselves and that the organization should be marketed as a vital part of the community being all that it can be.  She believes that the LAUW can grow and reflect economic changes and it would be different from the current system.  She said that, “instead of shoving it down their throat we’re getting them to understand these agencies we work with” (personal communication, October 17, 2007). 

While continuing our discussion Busch elaborated on a point that the local companies are about human capital and that, “companies value human capital almost more than they value bricks and mortar infrastructure” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  Busch wants the theme to start as a slow shift, utilizing themes that are already in place nationally such as ‘community matters’ and ‘community impact’.  The organization currently does not buy media for advertising regularly.  In their article on advertising for non-profits, June Marchard and Sylvie Lavoie found that over 50% of non-profits avoid paid advertising, 68% searched for free advertising and 63% limited advertising to the smallest portion of their budgets (pg. 36).  They also discussed using partnerships to pay for advertising on behalf of the organization.

Making such a shift would require that the image of the organization be willing to change.  Busch wants the LAUW to be the go to place for human service needs.  In their article on Attitudes of Donors and Non Donors, Riecken and Yavas found “Most donors are college educated, married, 65 and older, have at least two children and make $50,000 or more” (pg. 576).  They also found, “Most donors give for four reasons; family or friends will benefit from the organization in the future, to feel that they are making a difference, the organization works for causes I believe in and family or friends have benefited from the organizations work” (pg. 577).  This confirms that Busch’s image campaign may be on target.  I would like to see a bigger push on what the LAUW can do to help the community, not just help those in need.

To create this self image, we must look at the marketing mix.  I believe that a good use of free media would be very beneficial.  Utilize business organizations such as the Chamber of Commerce and the Muskogee Development Corporation to communicate what the LAUW is doing.  Create a relationship with these organizations that will allow for communication to their constituents.  The product of the LAUW is the service it provides, not what it hands out.  The service is providing funding to local agencies that help those less fortunate.  Promotion of those services needs to be increased to maximize education within the community.  Currently, news releases are being used, but very seldom.  It would be good to create “good news” releases about what agencies are doing.  There is also not a newsletter being published.  There was a newsletter six years ago and was published twice a year.  Busch commented on how she wants to start another newsletter process and I agree with that initiative.  Another key part of the marketing mix according to Busch is to “meet with newspaper editorial board to try and educate public on what community development is and why it’s important, responsibility of citizens” (personal communication, October 17, 2007). 

To round out the mix, price is different for each donor so it is difficult to place a fixed price on what it costs to participate.  The place currently occupied by the LAUW is not very visable.  I believe that a better office location along with signage will help accentuate that the LAUW is alive and well in Muskogee. 

To date, there has not been any market research conducted for the LAUW office.  Director Busch wants to do it though.  The only idea of how the LAUW is working is through word of mouth and how many clients are currently being served.  Some type of data analysis needs to be created to help further the mission of the LAUW.

Current trends may be the answer in a nonprofit organization.  Greer states in her article about online fundraising, “Younger generations are also less likely to respond to tradition mail or phone solicitations.  They have readily adopted internet use and have greater demands on their time than ever”  (pg.  26).  Being a part of that next generation myself, I would have to believe that an internet campaign started slow and over a couple of years would eventually lead to a technology driven organization.  Utilizing technology will help drive the marketing strategy of the organization.

What does the S.W.O.T. look like?  There are over 300 nonprofit organizations currently seeking funding in the Muskogee area according to Busch.  This is a major threat to the organization because funding is very hard to come by.  Another threat to the organization is the rising cost of living, the less free cash that people have, the less they spend.  I believe that a image change has to take place to convince those with little that they are making a solid investment into the organization and that the organization is investing in them. 

As far as opportunities, I think that a web based fundraiser may do well with the increasing use of the internet.  There is also a potential opportunity to recruit more young professionals for volunteerism, board and committee membership.  Greer states, “they (youth) are a prime audience for nonprofits, as many have not yet established regular charitable giving practices but may be open to doing so if spoken to in their language: technology”  (pg.  26).  The LAUW could also have a better fundraising campaign if some of the big businesses in the area not currently participating allow the new director in the door.  There are several untapped piggy banks.

Strengths and weaknesses also play a key role.  The rising cost of traditional marketing limits nonprofits on how much they can spend or how much time can be consumed by employees to do research and campaigns.  To offset this weakness, a website could be a potential strength utilized by the LAUW.  Reis states, “web sites need to be interactive, informative, communicative and create a support structure from the international to local chapter level.  All this has to be done before you can begin to expect the internet to significantly increase fundraising efforts” (pg.  22). Although hard to analyze, there are current strengths of the LAUW that must be mentioned.  The employees at the LAUW take great pride in doing a job well done, believe in what they are doing and are doing a good job.  Other strengths include recent board participation in events and the connections the board has in such a small community. 

Fundraising

Fundraising is the most important part of the LAUW’s scope of work.  The organization is almost entirely funded by the annual campaign that takes place each fall.  Mentesti states that, “there are several key elements that are usually a part of any successful fundraising strategy.   They include; know your mission, become an effective player in the economic development arena, build from within your board of directors, remember who benefits from your efforts, make the most of your operating environment, give members a good return on their investment and keep things simple”  (pg. 45).

The LAUW board currently has 100 percent board giving.  In years past, this has not been the case.  The current bylaws do not reflect a necessity for 100 percent board giving, my feeling is it should.  Robert Swanson states, “it should also be the expectation that every board member give a gift to any capital campaign starting in their tenure” (pg. 33).

Currently, approximately $7,000 is raised by the board’s annual donations.  As far as how active the board is in soliciting funds, it is my opinion that the board is not very good at all.  Other than collecting money for their respective businesses on some occasion, I would venture to say less than half; the board has remained out of the light.  The United Way staff has been tasked with almost sole responsibility of fundraising for the annual campaign.

There are 2,483 donors that gave to the 2007 LAUW annual campaign.  In their article on Identity Salience, Arnett, German and Hunt found “Managers who are trying to encourage supportive behaviors from donors should do so by encouraging them to develop salient identities related to the nonprofit organization” (pg. 100).  Annually donors who give generally donate about $150 per person.

In all, the LAUW campaign has fared extremely well.  There is only one annual event that coincides with the annual fundraiser by way of a golf tournament.  There is not a huge direct mail campaign, but there is a small one.  Donors are sent communication about the upcoming campaigns and asked to give again.  There is not a phone script for soliciting donations and there are no large gifts which are restricted.  On the local scene, the Muskogee business sector gives more than Tahlequah’s as a whole, but the amount per worker is far less for those businesses who give.

The business sector is the largest portion of the LAUW campaign.  Even with the large support by many businesses, Director Busch believes that almost all corporations are owned and operated by outside entities and it makes it more difficult to reach them and ultimate decision makers.  She states, “I think they are as generous as they should be as corporate citizens with exception of a few” (personal communication, October 17, 2007).  Holzer in her article on corporate support states, “approach corporate funders with the same delicacy and precision of a marketing firm in dealing with its clients, that is, keep track of visual impressions, logo positions and a corporation’s role in fundraising events” (pg.  16).

Strategic Planning

 

A strategic plan has never been done for the LAUW.  I was interested in asking specific questions about what the director and administrative assistant, Christy Edwards thought would be part of a plan if one was completed.  Using this information, a sample strategic plan was compiled.  This information could be used by the organization to start a comprehensive strategic plan. 

The first area of discussion was the parameters and boundaries of a strategic plan.  The initial step is to review the mission statement.  The director wants to connect community resources with responsive and accountable health and human service organizations that have been established to improve the economic well-bring, education, health, treatment, support, and care for those individuals in need in east central Oklahoma.  A review of the current mission statement would be needed and a vision statement needs to be created to align the organizational focus to the mission and vision of the organization.

A look at the needs of the organization lead the director to believe that technology (software and hardware) would be the most important initial need.  Office furniture was seen as a need as well as the continuing education of the board and potential volunteers.  I believe that a huge need lies within finding a volunteer coordinator and a volunteer base to help with events and fundraising.

What is the evaluation of present services?  There is a wide variety of human services met through 21 local agencies but the organization needs to be more community impact focused.  The administrative assistant believes that the organization is seen as a fundraising and referral agency.  The staff believes that it provides a good funding base for the organizations covered under their umbrella.  The problem lies with creating an image of community development rather than a place to go for a handout.

There are a number of limiting conditions that impede the progress of the LAUW.  As far as fiscal matters, the LAUW is restricted to fund raising monies.  This causes a need to find other funding sources.  The budget also does not allow the office to be as technologically advanced as needed.  “There is a lot of lost time struggling with old or inadequate equipment (folders, printers, postage machines, computers, etc.),” according to Edwards, (personal communication, October 17, 2007).

Other limiting conditions include government regulations.  Currently the organization has to follow all nonprofit regulations.  There is also guidelines the organization must follow under the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC).  The CFC is the campaign that encompasses the donations of all federal employees in the city of Muskogee.

Now we know what the limitations are, what are the wishes of the LAUW staff?  Busch would prefer a larger depth of understanding and a more comprehensive view of what the LAUW can be within its communities.  This would allow the LAUW to benefit from strategic planning which would hopefully increase involvement and dedication.  Edwards would like to see the board get more involved, whether it is with special events, during the campaign, or just getting involved in committees.  It seems that we have very few board members that do anything other than attend meetings. 

The LAUW staff would also like to see improvements in the membership.  Busch would especially like to see that happen in the community at large.  She believes that the entire region would benefit from a public understanding of community development and its ability to enhance economic outcomes.  Edwards would like it if the LAUW agencies would be more supportive of the organization.  She feels that a policy should be put into place so that agencies do not become complacent with their partnership with the LAUW. 

Societal trends and competition also play a key role in the plan.  According to Busch, a review of demographics indicates a slight downward economic spiral; racial division; drug and alcohol problems, educationally challenged and southern rural viewpoints that tend to hurt the organization.  Competition includes the 300 nonprofits we discussed earlier that are in the area taking up financial funding.  Edwards discussed the Tulsa Area United Way.  Apparently in past years the LAUW covered the Wagoner community.  Recently, Tulsa Area United Way has taken over all United Way fundraising and agency partnerships in that community, leaving the LAUW with fewer companies to solicit during the annual campaign.

  The LAUW as we discussed in the marketing section of the paper doesn’t necessarily have a bad or negative public image.  Busch did note that the organization is viewed as funding organization for the ‘down and out’ or as a ‘hand-out or hand-up’ organization.  Edwards feels that in the past some employers made giving to LAUW mandatory by their employees.  She now feels that this has made some employees reluctant to give to the LAUW, and in some way feel that the LAUW pushed the employers to enforce the mandatory giving. 

The last limiting condition discussed was the size of the staff.  There are two employees.  One is the director and the other the administrative assistant.  There is not time or money for either to do half of the jobs required of them.  There needs to be a push by the organization to create enough funding or find enough grant money to hire additional staff members for the organization.  This would allow the staff to plan and execute strategies.

            Now that the organization knows what it’s up against what is the plan of action?  First a review and possible change of the current mission and establishing a vision is what the director foresees.   Busch also would like a better structure of the LAUW office and its services.  She intends to get the administrative assistant more involved in the community to put more of a face on the LAUW office. 

            There is also potential to reshape the spring agenda.  There is downtime that can be taken advantage of by the staff to do planning, media awareness and make speaking engagements in the community.  I personally believe that both the director and administrative assistant need to tackle this together and share the responsibility.  Together they can accomplish more.

            Another topic of discussion was a potential day of caring.  Another idea was to incorporate a spring fundraiser where the organization sells a playhouse or jungle gym to raise money.    The organization could figure out a specific plan to strengthen volunteerism from Muskogee citizens and raise overall awareness of the organization.  Busch was also really interested in planning the annual campaign in advance and using what was learned from previous campaigns to create possible opportunities in the next campaign.  The staff has started a folder of ideas for future campaigns already.

What outcomes does the organization want?  First, Busch would like the organization to be seen as a community development leader.  She would like to see a strategic planning session conducted in the Spring of 2008 that includes a 5 year timeline with yearly obtainable incremental steps.  Busch would also like to revise the agency application process.  She wants to completely review all agencies for relevance and connectivity to goals and objectives to the LAUW.

The strategies timeline starts with a director orientation in the spring of 2008.  This is followed by possible strategic planning in early summer, more directors’ training in the middle of the summer and a strategic review and retreat for the board in 2009.

To do this strategic planning, an educational campaign will have to take place according to Busch.  This will have to be done through an increase in funding, grants and partnering initiatives to make it obtainable.  I believe that Busch and Edwards are on target and are ready to go after carrying out the plan of action, or at least the outline of the plan.  The first step is going to be getting the board’s buy-in of the plan and strong leadership to execute it. 

 

Conclusion

            The organization looks to be maintained with a great deal of care.  Board members are very good about laying the foundation for the staff and the operations of the office.  Policies and procedures are in place and should allow the internal combustion of the organization to have a great run of success.

            There are problem areas within the organization.  The board is lacking the motivation to help in the fundraising efforts like they should.  More emphasis should be placed on what is required of each board member.  The biggest portion of the LAUW income is made up of fundraising that occurs during a three month period each fall.  The board should play a key role in the success of the campaign, with hands on exposure year ‘round.

            Another area that needs addressed is the marketing of the organization.  A committee of board members and community leaders needs to be put together to figure out how to utilize media outlets more effectively.  Communication vehicles need to be improved and a constant flow of communication needs to be established.  This will allow the director the opportunity to make the switch in image she discussed.

            The final and perhaps most crucial piece of the puzzle left is the strategic planning of the organization.  It seems there has been no strategic planning other than by word of mouth and from agenda to agenda.  It has not been a practice for the board to prepare anything for much longer than a year and even in this case the planning is very methodical planning from year to year.  The strategic plan would take care of the issues facing the LAUW and should tie up the loose ends.  I believe the organization is on the right track and with careful, well thought out planning could be at a million dollars raised within 5 – 10 years with a strategic plan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

50,000 Famous Quotes (2007, November 8).  [On-line].  Available Internet:  www.famousquotes.com

Arnett, D., German, S., & Hunt, S.  (2003).  The identity salience model of relationship marketing success:  The case of nonprofit marketing.  Journal of Marketing, 67, 89-105.

Bellenfant, W., & Nelson, M.  (2002).  Strategic planning:  Looking beyond the next move.  Healthcare Financial Management, 10, 62-68.

Daily, C., & Schwenk, C.  (1996).  Chief executive officers, top management teams and boards of directors:  Congruent or countervailing forces?  Journal of Management, 22(2), 185-208.

Goulet, L., & Frank, M.  (2002).  Organizational commitment across three sectors: Public, non-profit, and for profit.  Public Personnel Mangement, 31(2), 201-210.

Greer, G.  (1999).  Online fund raising the time is now.  Fund Raising Management, 8, 26-29.

Holzer, M.  (1999).  Non-profits should plan corporate fund-raising.  Fairfield County Business Journal, 8, 16.

Lake Area United Way.  (2007).  Bylaws Amended 03-07 with signatures.

Lake Area United Way.  (2007).  Employee Handbook 9 18 07.

Lake Area United Way.  (2007).  SPD Summary Plan Description.

Marchand, J., & Lavoie, S.  (1998).  Non-profit organizations’ practices and perceptions of advertising:  Implications for advertisers.  Journal of Advertising Research, 8, 33-40.

Mentesti, J.  (2000).  Fundamental$:  A simple approach to fundraising.  Economic Development Review, 16(1), 45-48.

Reis, G.  (200).  Fund raising on the web:  Why having a dot-org web site isn’t enough.  Fund Raising Management, 1, 22-27.

Riecken, G., & Yavas, U.  (2005).  The attitudes of donors and non-donors to the March of Dimes charity in the United States:  A case study in non-profit marketing.  International Journal of Management, 22(4), 572-581.

Sand, M.  (2005).  How to manage an effective nonprofit organization.  Franklin Lakes, NJ:  Career Press.

Sonnenfeld, J.  (2002).  What makes great boards great.  Harvard Business Review, 9, 106-113.

Stephens, R., Dawley, D., & Stephens, D.  (2004).  Commitment on the board:  A model of volunteer directors’ levels of organizational commitment and self-supported performance.  Journal of Managerial Issues, 26(4), 483-504.

Swanson, R.  (2000).  Board members’ lament:  The seven most common concerns expressed by non-profit board members.  Fund Raising Management, 5, 32-33.

Taylor, H.  (2003).  Including young people on non-profit boards of directors.  PA Times, 4, 26.

Westphal, J., & Zajac, E.  (1995).  Who shall govern?  CEO/Board power, demographic similarity and new director selection.  Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 60-83.

Wolf, T.  (1999).  Managing a nonprofit organization in the twenty-first century.  New York, NY:  Simon and Schuster.

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix A.  Service Learning Hours_______________________________________________          

      

DATE

HOURS

Service Learning

9/8/07

0.5

First discussion on United Way event dates

9/10/07

1.0

Meeting with NSU representatives and Christy Edwards on donations from Tahlequah businesses

9/11/07

1.0

Attended United Way Kickoff luncheon

9/13/07

1.0

Prepared communication about golf tournament via email

9/14/07

3.0

Discussion and draft of golf brochure to mail to individuals and attended a personnel committee meeting discussing employee handbook changes

9/16/07

2.0

Discussion and draft list of donors for golf tournament and board setup

9/18/07

1.5

Attended board meeting

9/23/07

2.5

Golf meeting with Christy Edwards and review of the Employee Handbook

9/24/07

1.5

Meeting with Christy Edwards on golf tournament progress and volunteer participation

10/17/07

2.5

Meeting on golf tournament finalizing volunteer efforts, hole signage, donations, food, event coordination and team placement

10/26/07

8.0

Volunteer for United Way golf tournament; team registration, taking money and event coordination

TOTAL

24.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix B.  United Way Organization Chart_________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Note:  the Executive Director is now Debi Busch.  The file pictured above reflects the past director.